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实行阶梯电价是为引导高用电户节能
作者: 浏览量:3079 次 发布时间 :2014-07-04 04:20:08
国(guo)务院(yuan)日(ri)前(qian)批转国(guo)家发(fa)改委《关于2012年深化经济体制(zhi)改革重点(dian)工作意见》,其中指出,稳妥推(tui)(tui)进(jin)电(dian)价(jia)(jia)改革,实施居民阶梯电(dian)价(jia)(jia)改革方案,开展竞价(jia)(jia)上网和输(shu)配(pei)电(dian)价(jia)(jia)改革试点(dian),推(tui)(tui)进(jin)销售电(dian)价(jia)(jia)分类改革,完善水电(dian)、核(he)电(dian)及(ji)可再生能源发(fa)电(dian)定价(jia)(jia)机制(zhi)。分析(xi)人(ren)士表示(shi),通过(guo)阶梯电(dian)价(jia)(jia)这(zhei)杠杆(gan)合理调(diao)配(pei)居民用(yong)电(dian)需求,这(zhei)相比之前(qian)的单电(dian)价(jia)(jia)无(wu)疑是大进(jin)步。
电价(jia)改革势在必行
电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)直是(shi)电(dian)(dian)力体制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)为核心和敏感的环节,由于各(ge)种原因(yin),原计划于2003年启动的新(xin)轮电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)迟(chi)迟(chi)没(mei)有迈出实质性步伐(fa)。今(jin)(jin)年两会期间(jian),国(guo)家发(fa)改(gai)(gai)(gai)委副主(zhu)任彭森就曾(ceng)表(biao)示,居(ju)民阶梯电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)将于今(jin)(jin)年上半年在国(guo)内(nei)全面推行。而(er)此次国(guo)务院转批(pi)《意见》表(biao)明,电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)在停滞了10年之后得(de)以再次启动。
80%家庭保持电价稳定
彭森介绍说,实行阶梯电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)总体思路(lu)是:档(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)不提(ti)高(gao)(gao),其覆盖居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭比例由中(zhong)央统确定(ding);因为各(ge)(ge)省市的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)庭用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)有差距,地方可以根据(ju)国家(jia)(jia)确定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)原则(ze)确定(ding)各(ge)(ge)档(dang)次的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)标准,具体方案经过听证后出(chu)台实施。目前(qian)中(zhong)国居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)消(xiao)费的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)只占(zhan)社会总用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)12%,其中(zhong)5%的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)收入(ru)家(jia)(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)到居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)24%,10%的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)家(jia)(jia)庭消(xiao)费了33%的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。所(suo)以,方案提(ti)出(chu):80%的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭,电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)保持(chi)稳定(ding),困难群体还(hai)可以享受定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。高(gao)(gao)于(yu)地区平(ping)(ping)(ping)均水平(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)幅度的(de)(de)(de)二、三档(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)费要多缴费,档(dang)每(mei)度电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)价(jia)(jia)5分钱左(zuo)右;第三档(dang)每(mei)度电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调高(gao)(gao)2毛钱左(zuo)右。
档用电(dian)量各地相差悬殊
从已公布的(de)听证方案(an)看,各地档电量相差悬殊,东部省份(fen)明显高于西部地区:上海月度(du)(du)方案(an)为(wei)全(quan)国高,规定的(de)档电量为(wei)260度(du)(du);北京、浙江、江苏、天津、重庆等地档电量均在(zai)200度(du)(du)以上;而安徽、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙(meng)古等省区均有套方案(an)规定档电量为(wei)120度(du)(du)。
然而,随着人们居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)条件改善、居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)面积的(de)不(bu)断增(zeng)加,家用(yong)电(dian)器数(shu)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加以及(ji)容量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)大,耗电(dian)量(liang)都(dou)在(zai)直线攀升。阶梯电(dian)价核(he)心在(zai)于(yu)以用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)多(duo)少(shao)为(wei)标准(zhun)、以价格为(wei)手段、以鼓励节约用(yong)电(dian)为(wei)目的(de),对节约用(yong)电(dian)、用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)少(shao)的(de)家庭给予价格优惠,对用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)多(duo)甚至享受型给以惩罚性价格,实际(ji)上是用(yong)电(dian)价格以用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)为(wei)标准(zhun)进(jin)行的(de)结构(gou)性调整。
电价(jia)改革势在必行
电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)直是(shi)电(dian)(dian)力体制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)为核心和敏感的环节,由于各(ge)种原因(yin),原计划于2003年启动的新(xin)轮电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)迟(chi)迟(chi)没(mei)有迈出实质性步伐(fa)。今(jin)(jin)年两会期间(jian),国(guo)家发(fa)改(gai)(gai)(gai)委副主(zhu)任彭森就曾(ceng)表(biao)示,居(ju)民阶梯电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)将于今(jin)(jin)年上半年在国(guo)内(nei)全面推行。而(er)此次国(guo)务院转批(pi)《意见》表(biao)明,电(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)在停滞了10年之后得(de)以再次启动。
80%家庭保持电价稳定
彭森介绍说,实行阶梯电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)总体思路(lu)是:档(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)不提(ti)高(gao)(gao),其覆盖居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭比例由中(zhong)央统确定(ding);因为各(ge)(ge)省市的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)庭用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)有差距,地方可以根据(ju)国家(jia)(jia)确定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)原则(ze)确定(ding)各(ge)(ge)档(dang)次的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)标准,具体方案经过听证后出(chu)台实施。目前(qian)中(zhong)国居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)消(xiao)费的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)只占(zhan)社会总用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)12%,其中(zhong)5%的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)收入(ru)家(jia)(jia)庭的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)占(zhan)到居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)24%,10%的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)家(jia)(jia)庭消(xiao)费了33%的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)用(yong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。所(suo)以,方案提(ti)出(chu):80%的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)家(jia)(jia)庭,电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)价(jia)(jia)保持(chi)稳定(ding),困难群体还(hai)可以享受定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。高(gao)(gao)于(yu)地区平(ping)(ping)(ping)均水平(ping)(ping)(ping)定(ding)幅度的(de)(de)(de)二、三档(dang)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力消(xiao)费要多缴费,档(dang)每(mei)度电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提(ti)价(jia)(jia)5分钱左(zuo)右;第三档(dang)每(mei)度电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)调高(gao)(gao)2毛钱左(zuo)右。
档用电(dian)量各地相差悬殊
从已公布的(de)听证方案(an)看,各地档电量相差悬殊,东部省份(fen)明显高于西部地区:上海月度(du)(du)方案(an)为(wei)全(quan)国高,规定的(de)档电量为(wei)260度(du)(du);北京、浙江、江苏、天津、重庆等地档电量均在(zai)200度(du)(du)以上;而安徽、陕西、宁夏、甘肃、内蒙(meng)古等省区均有套方案(an)规定档电量为(wei)120度(du)(du)。
然而,随着人们居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)条件改善、居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)面积的(de)不(bu)断增(zeng)加,家用(yong)电(dian)器数(shu)量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)加以及(ji)容量(liang)的(de)增(zeng)大,耗电(dian)量(liang)都(dou)在(zai)直线攀升。阶梯电(dian)价核(he)心在(zai)于(yu)以用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)多(duo)少(shao)为(wei)标准(zhun)、以价格为(wei)手段、以鼓励节约用(yong)电(dian)为(wei)目的(de),对节约用(yong)电(dian)、用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)少(shao)的(de)家庭给予价格优惠,对用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)多(duo)甚至享受型给以惩罚性价格,实际(ji)上是用(yong)电(dian)价格以用(yong)电(dian)量(liang)为(wei)标准(zhun)进(jin)行的(de)结构(gou)性调整。